Glossary

Cognitive conflict is a psychological state involving a discrepancy between cognitive structures and experience, or between various cognitive structures. For explanations relating to mathematics see the research paper by David Tall (1977) https://homepages.warwick.ac.uk/staff/David.Tall/pdfs/dot1977a-cog-confl-pme.pdf

Cancelling down is a mathematical technique where sometimes you can divide the numerator and denominator of a fraction by the same number. This is called cancelling down. It is also called simplifying the fraction.

Denominator (Divisor) indicates the total number of equal parts that form the whole quantity.

Four Arithmetic Operations : A major part of early school mathematics is dedicated to the four fundamental operations of arithmetic—addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Improper Fraction is a fraction that has a numerator which is greater or equal to the denominator.

Integer is formally defined as the set {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}. For young learners an 

integer is the number zero (0), or a positive natural number (1, 2, 3, etc.) or a negative integer (−1, −2, −3, etc.)

Mixed Number is a whole number and a fraction represented together.  It generally represents a number between any two whole numbers. 

Number Line is a pictorial representation of numbers on a straight line where the numbers on a number line are placed sequentially at equal distances along its length. The number line can be extended infinitely in both directions and is usually represented horizontally.