A rational number is the result of the division of two integers. The formal mathematical definition is “A rational number is a number that can be in the form where p and q are integers and q is not equal to zero.” Examples 3 divided by 2, 1 divided by 12. The important concept is where this set of numbers lies in relation to other number sets.
Having noted the importance of the equivalence of fractions it would be remiss not to ground the teaching of the four-arithmetic operations on this important concept.
Some of these misconceptions all have a basis in the concept of equivalence, and we should think carefully about two significant fraction properties. Basing the teaching of fractions on two fundamental fraction properties might alleviate some of the above misconceptions. Every fraction is part of two special groups or families
A family of fractions with the same name (denominator) but different numerator values
A family of equivalent fractions with different denominators.
Before we start thinking about misconceptions* in the teaching and learning of fractions let us think about the difference between an error and a misconception
an error is an inaccuracy, but a misconception is the result of misunderstanding